Adaptive designs gained considerable popularity in recent years due to their increased use in clinical research. They provide flexibility and efficiency in managing studies without compromising the scientific methods used. For example, safety and efficacy data can be reviewed during scheduled interim analyses and the results can be taken into account to modify the trial methodology. Typical examples of such modifications are early stopping of a trial, dropping an arm or modifying the sample size. In this talk the methodology of the adaptive designs will be discussed and opportunities for using the optimal design theory to make them highly efficient will be illustrated. Possibilities for using adaptive designs in preclinical trials will also be demonstrated.

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